ʻO ka 19 Nowemapa i kēlā me kēia makahiki ka HonuaHalepakukaLā. Mālama ka International Toilet Organization i nā hana i kēia lā e hoʻomaopopo i ka poʻe he 2.05 biliona mau kānaka ma ka honua ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka palekana hoʻomaʻemaʻe kūpono. Akā, no ka poʻe o mākou e hiki ke hauʻoli i nā keʻena halepaku hou, ua hoʻomaopopo maoli anei mākou i ke kumu o nā halepaku?
ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ka lua i ka wā mua. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Early Scots a me Helene ʻo lākou nā mea hana mua, akā ʻaʻohe mea hōʻike. I ka makahiki 3000 BC i ka wā Neolithic, aia kekahi kanaka i kapa ʻia ʻo Skara Brae ma ka ʻāina nui ʻo Scotland. Ua kūkulu ʻo ia i hale me nā pōhaku a wehe ʻo ia i kahi alahele a hiki i ke kihi o ka hale. Manaʻo ka poʻe mōʻaukala ʻo kēia hoʻolālā ka hōʻailona o ka poʻe mua. ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka pilikia toilet. Ma kahi o 1700 BC, ma ka Hale Aliʻi ʻo Knossos ma Crete, ua ʻoi aku ka maopopo o ka hana a me ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka halepaku. Hoʻopili ʻia nā paipu lepo i ka ʻōnaehana wai. Kaʻapuni ka wai ma o nā paipu pālolo, hiki ke holoi i ka lua. ʻO ke kuleana o ka wai.
I ka makahiki 1880, ua hoʻolimalima ʻo Prince Edward o ʻEnelani (ma hope aku ʻo King Edward VII) iā Thomas Crapper, he kanaka paipu kaulana o ia manawa, e kūkulu i nā halepaku ma nā hale aliʻi he nui. ʻOiai ua ʻōlelo ʻia ua hana ʻo Crapper i nā mea hana e pili ana i ka halepaku, ʻaʻole ʻo Crapper ka mea nāna i hana i ka halepaku hou e like me ka manaʻo o kēlā me kēia. ʻO ia wale nō ka mea mua i hōʻike i kāna mea hana halepaku i ka lehulehu ma ke ʻano he hale hōʻikeʻike, no laila inā loaʻa i ka lehulehu nā hana hoʻoponopono a makemake paha i kekahi mau lako, e noʻonoʻo koke lākou iā ia.
ʻO ka manawa i haʻalele maoli ai nā halepaku ʻenehana i ke kenekulia 20: nā pahu wai, nā pahu wai, a me nā ʻōwili pepa toilet (i hana ʻia i ka makahiki 1890 a hoʻohana nui ʻia a hiki i 1902). He mea liʻiliʻi paha kēia mau mea hana a me nā mea i hana ʻia, akā i kēia manawa ua lilo lākou i mau mea pono. Inā ʻoe e noʻonoʻo neihale lua houʻAʻole i loli nui, a laila e nānā kākou: I ka makahiki 1994, ua hoʻoholo ka Pāremata Pelekania i ka Energy Policy Act, e koi ana i nā mea maʻamau.halepaku waie holoi wale i 1.6 galani wai i ka manawa, hapalua o ka mea i hoohana mua ia. Ua kūʻē ʻia ke kulekele e ka poʻe no ka mea ua pani ʻia nā halepaku he nui, akā ua hana koke nā hui hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā ʻōnaehana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. ʻO kēia mau ʻōnaehana nā mea āu e hoʻohana ai i kēlā me kēia lā, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ia hoʻihale luaʻōnaehana.
